阿托斯ATOS數字式電子放大器
ATOS放大器數字式(shi)電(dian)子(zi)放大器將電(dian)液閥與機器中央控制單元(yuan)相連接,實現快速(su),平(ping)穩,的(de)運動(dong)控制。符(fu)合現代(dai)化系統的(de)要求。
ATOS放(fang)大器按比(bi)例(li)將機器中央控制單(dan)元(yuan)產生的輸(shu)入參考(kao)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)轉換為供(gong)給閥(fa)比(bi)例(li)電(dian)磁鐵的電(dian)流信(xin)(xin)號(hao)(hao)。
ATOS放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)用得zui廣(guang)泛的(de)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)。隨著射(she)流技術(見射(she)流元件(jian))的(de)推(tui)廣(guang),液動(dong)或氣動(dong)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)的(de)應用也逐漸增多。電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)又按(an)所用有(you)源器(qi)(qi)件(jian)分為真空管(guan)(guan)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)、晶體(ti)管(guan)(guan)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)、固體(ti)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)和磁放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)器(qi)(qi),其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)又以晶體(ti)管(guan)(guan)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)應用zui廣(guang)。在自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)儀(yi)表中(zhong)(zhong)晶體(ti)管(guan)(guan)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)常用于信號的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)流放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da),主要(yao)形式有(you)單端放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)和推(tui)挽(wan)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)。此(ci)外,還常用于阻抗匹配、隔(ge)離、電(dian)(dian)(dian)流-電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)轉(zhuan)換、電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷-電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)轉(zhuan)換(如電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)器(qi)(qi))以及(ji)利用放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)實(shi)現輸出與輸入之間的(de)一定函(han)數關系(xi)(如運算(suan)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)(da)器(qi)(qi))。
ATOS放大器(qi)主要(yao)作用(yong)
1、能(neng)把輸入訊(xun)號的(de)電(dian)壓或功(gong)率放大(da)的(de)裝置(zhi),由電(dian)子管或晶(jing)體管、電(dian)源變壓器(qi)和其他(ta)電(dian)器(qi)元件(jian)組成。用在通訊(xun)、廣播、雷達(da)、電(dian)視、自動控制等各種裝置(zhi)中。
ATOS放大(da)(da)(da)器原(yuan)理(li): 高(gao)頻功率(lv)(lv)放大(da)(da)(da)器用于發(fa)射機的(de)(de)(de)末級,作(zuo)用是將高(gao)頻已調波信(xin)號(hao)進行功率(lv)(lv)放大(da)(da)(da),以滿(man)足發(fa)送功率(lv)(lv)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求,然后經(jing)過天線將其輻射到(dao)空間,保證(zheng)在一定區域內的(de)(de)(de)接收機可(ke)以接收到(dao)滿(man)意的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)號(hao)電平,并且不干擾相鄰信(xin)道的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)信(xin)。
ATOS放(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)系統中發送裝置的(de)(de)(de)(de)重要組件(jian)。按其工(gong)作頻(pin)帶(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)寬(kuan)窄(zhai)劃分(fen)為(wei)(wei)窄(zhai)帶(dai)高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)放(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)寬(kuan)帶(dai)高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)放(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兩種(zhong)(zhong),窄(zhai)帶(dai)高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)放(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)以(yi)具有選頻(pin)濾波(bo)作用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)選頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)作為(wei)(wei)輸出回(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu),故又(you)稱為(wei)(wei)調(diao)諧功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)放(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)或(huo)諧振(zhen)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)放(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi);寬(kuan)帶(dai)高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)放(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)則是(shi)傳輸線變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)或(huo)其他寬(kuan)帶(dai)匹配電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)(lu),因此又(you)稱為(wei)(wei)非調(diao)諧功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)放(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)放(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)能(neng)量轉(zhuan)換(huan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)件(jian),它將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供給的(de)(de)(de)(de)直流(liu)(liu)能(neng)量轉(zhuan)換(huan)成為(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)交流(liu)(liu)輸出在(zai) “低(di)頻(pin)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子線路(lu)(lu)(lu)”課程中已知,放(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)可(ke)以(yi)按照電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)導通(tong)(tong)(tong)角(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)不同,將(jiang)其分(fen)為(wei)(wei)甲(jia)、乙、丙三(san)類(lei)工(gong)作狀(zhuang)態。甲(jia)類(lei)放(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)角(jiao)為(wei)(wei)360o,適用(yong)于(yu)小信(xin)號低(di)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)放(fang)大(da)(da)(da)。乙類(lei)放(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)角(jiao)約等于(yu) 180o;丙類(lei)放(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)流(liu)(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)角(jiao)則小于(yu)180o。乙類(lei)和(he)丙類(lei)都(dou)適用(yong)于(yu)大(da)(da)(da)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)工(gong)作丙類(lei)工(gong)作狀(zhuang)態的(de)(de)(de)(de)輸出功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)和(he)效率(lv)是(shi)三(san)種(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)作狀(zhuang)態中zui高(gao)(gao)者(zhe)。高(gao)(gao)頻(pin)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)放(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)大(da)(da)(da)多工(gong)作于(yu)丙類(lei)。但丙類(lei)放(fang)大(da)(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)波(bo)形失真太大(da)(da)(da),因而不能(neng)用(yong)于(yu)低(di)頻(pin)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)放(fang)大(da)(da)(da),只能(neng)用(yong)于(yu)采用(yong)調(diao)諧回(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)作為(wei)(wei)負載的(de)(de)(de)(de)諧振(zhen)功(gong)(gong)(gong)率(lv)放(fang)大(da)(da)(da)。由于(yu)調(diao)諧回(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)具有濾波(bo)能(neng)力,回(hui)路(lu)(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)與電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)仍然極近于(yu)正弦波(bo)形,失真很小。
2、畫(hua)圖的時候,放大(da)或縮小圖形的用具。也叫(jiao)放大(da)尺。
ATOS放(fang)大器歷史背(bei)景:
1962年美(mei)國EGG PARC(SIGNAL RECOVERY公(gong)司的(de)(de)(de)(de)前身(shen)) 的(de)(de)(de)(de)*臺(tai)鎖相放大器(Lock-in Amplifier,簡稱(cheng)LIA)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)明,使(shi)微(wei)(wei)弱(ruo)信號(hao)(hao)檢(jian)測(ce)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)得到標志性的(de)(de)(de)(de)突(tu)破,極大地推(tui)動了基礎(chu)科(ke)學(xue)和(he)(he)工程技(ji)術(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)展。目前,微(wei)(wei)弱(ruo)信號(hao)(hao)檢(jian)測(ce)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)和(he)(he)儀器的(de)(de)(de)(de)不斷進步,已經在很多科(ke)學(xue)和(he)(he)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)領域(yu)中(zhong)得到廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)應用,未來(lai)科(ke)學(xue)研究不僅對微(wei)(wei)弱(ruo)信號(hao)(hao)檢(jian)測(ce)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)提出更高的(de)(de)(de)(de)要求,同時(shi)新(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)科(ke)學(xue)技(ji)術(shu)(shu)發(fa)展反過來(lai)促進了微(wei)(wei)弱(ruo)信號(hao)(hao)檢(jian)測(ce)新(xin)(xin)原(yuan)理和(he)(he)新(xin)(xin)方法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)誕生。
早期的(de)(de)LIA是(shi)由(you)模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)電路實現(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de),隨著數字(zi)(zi)(zi)技術的(de)(de)發展(zhan),出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)與數字(zi)(zi)(zi)混合(he)的(de)(de)LIA,這(zhe)種(zhong)LIA只是(shi)在信(xin)(xin)號輸入通(tong)道,參考信(xin)(xin)號通(tong)道和輸出(chu)通(tong)道采用(yong)了(le)數字(zi)(zi)(zi)濾波(bo)器(qi)來抑制(zhi)噪(zao)聲(sheng),或(huo)者在模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)鎖相(xiang)放大(da)器(qi)(簡稱(cheng)ALIA)的(de)(de)基礎上多了(le)一(yi)些(xie)模(mo)數轉換(ADC)、數模(mo)轉換(DAC)和各種(zhong)通(tong)用(yong)數字(zi)(zi)(zi)接(jie)口功能,可以(yi)實現(xian)(xian)(xian)由(you)計(ji)算機控制(zhi)、監視和顯(xian)示(shi)等輔助功能,但其核心(xin)相(xiang)敏檢波(bo)器(qi)(PSD)或(huo)解(jie)調器(qi)仍是(shi)采用(yong)模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)電子技術實現(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de),本質上也(ye)是(shi)ALIA。直(zhi)到相(xiang)敏檢波(bo)器(qi)或(huo)解(jie)調器(qi)用(yong)數字(zi)(zi)(zi)信(xin)(xin)號處(chu)理的(de)(de)方式實現(xian)(xian)(xian)后,就出(chu)現(xian)(xian)(xian)了(le)數字(zi)(zi)(zi)鎖相(xiang)放大(da)器(qi)(簡稱(cheng)DLIA),DLIA比ALIA有許多突出(chu)的(de)(de)優點(dian)而倍受青睞,成為現(xian)(xian)(xian)在微(wei)弱信(xin)(xin)號檢測研究的(de)(de)熱點(dian),但是(shi)在一(yi)些(xie)特殊的(de)(de)場(chang)合(he)中,ALIA仍然發揮(hui)著DLIA不(bu)可替(ti)代的(de)(de)作用(yong)。
ATOS放大器基本結構:
ATOS放(fang)大(da)(da)器輸入待測信(xin)號(hao),經放(fang)大(da)(da)和(he)帶(dai)通濾波(bo)(bo)后(hou)與參考信(xin)號(hao)共同(tong)輸入乘法器得到(dao)的(de)結果再(zai)通過低通濾波(bo)(bo)器濾波(bo)(bo)后(hou)輸出。
ATOS放大(da)器主要(yao)原理:
ATOS放大器(qi)(qi)實際上是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)模擬的傅立(li)葉變換器(qi)(qi),鎖相放大器(qi)(qi)的輸(shu)(shu)出是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)直流電壓(ya),正比于是(shi)輸(shu)(shu)入信號中某一(yi)特定(ding)頻率(參數輸(shu)(shu)入頻率)的信號幅值。而輸(shu)(shu)入信號中的其他頻率成(cheng)分將不能對輸(shu)(shu)出電壓(ya)構(gou)成(cheng)任何(he)貢獻。
兩個正弦信號(hao),頻率(lv)都為1Hz,有90度相位差,用乘法器相乘得(de)到的結果(guo)是一個有直(zhi)流偏量的正弦信號(hao)。
如果是一個(ge)1Hz和(he)一個(ge)1.1Hz的(de)信號相乘(cheng),用乘(cheng)法(fa)器相乘(cheng)得到(dao)的(de)結果是輪廓為正弦的(de)調制信號,直流(liu)偏量為0。
只有與(yu)參考信(xin)號頻率*一(yi)(yi)致的信(xin)號才(cai)能在(zai)乘法(fa)器輸出(chu)(chu)端得到直流偏(pian)量(liang),其(qi)他信(xin)號在(zai)輸出(chu)(chu)端都是交流信(xin)號。如(ru)果在(zai)乘法(fa)器的輸出(chu)(chu)端加一(yi)(yi)個低通濾波器,那么所有的交流信(xin)號分(fen)量(liang)全部(bu)被濾掉,剩下的直流分(fen)量(liang)就只是正比(bi)于輸入信(xin)號中的特(te)定頻率的信(xin)號分(fen)量(liang)的幅值(zhi)。
ATOS放大器主(zhu)要用途(tu):
ATOS放大(da)器主要(yao)用(yong)于檢測信(xin)(xin)(xin)噪(zao)比(bi)很低的微弱信(xin)(xin)(xin)號。即使有用(yong)的信(xin)(xin)(xin)號被(bei)淹沒在噪(zao)聲(sheng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號里面,即使噪(zao)聲(sheng)信(xin)(xin)(xin)號比(bi)有用(yong)的信(xin)(xin)(xin)號大(da)很多(duo),只(zhi)要(yao)知道有用(yong)的信(xin)(xin)(xin)號的頻率值,就能準確地測量出這個信(xin)(xin)(xin)號的幅(fu)值。